The bill would double the size of the mortgage fraud investigation staff at the FBI starting in the fall. The bill would also allow the government to hire more prosecutors, special agents and analysts to chase housing and corporate financial fraud.
President Obama is expected to sign the legislation, a spokesman confirmed.
The aim is to crack down on scammers on Main Street and Wall Street.
"People are very upset about what happened and it's really important for the government to demonstrate there's a charge for doing these types of things," said Sen. Ted Kaufman, D-Del., a bill co-sponsor. "Just because someone is at a Wall Street firm or a bank, they get the same kind of justice everyone else gets."
Populist bailout rage helped push easy passage by a 367-59 vote in the House. It passed the Senate last week 92-4. On the Senate floor, lawmakers urging support for the bill said the measure would be used to investigate big banks.
Already, the FBI, Securities and Exchange Commission, the Treasury Department's special inspector general and New York attorney general have launched criminal fraud probes into companies that have received billions in taxpayer bailouts.
0:00/2:23Bailout cop fights fraudThe funding also promises to have a much wider impact on mortgage fraud scams sweeping the nation's main streets.
Federal agencies say they're inundated with mortgage fraud cases and are starting to look into a new breed of scams from those who offer to refinance homes or save them from foreclosure.
Even as the number of newly issued mortgage loans has fallen dramatically, mortgage fraud caseloads continue to increase, said Sharon Ormsby, chief of the FBI's financial crimes unit. In the past six months, the agency has opened about 2,300 cases, nearly twice the number opened in 2007.
Ormsby acknowledges that the agency also has assigned twice the number of agents to work on mortgage fraud, which has contributed to the bigger caseload.
Federal agents are seeing the same kind of property frauds that occurred during the housing boom. One example: Banks getting duped into giving big loans by ghost buyers who disappear with the bank's money.
Criminal and civil investigators say scammers are also taking advantage of the new Obama initiative to help mortgage holders. Last month, several agencies got together to launch an inter-agency effort to fight fraud.
In one of the new scams, fraudsters collect several thousand dollars up front and then don't help homeowners get refinancing, according to Alice Hrdy, who works in the financial practices division of the Federal Trade Commission, which investigates civil fraud cases.
Hrdy said in some cases the perps are unemployed mortgage brokers who know how to operate in the industry.
"Short of the president getting up every day and saying, 'Don't fall victim,' these scams are a natural downside that's coinciding with huge numbers of unemployed workers," Hrdy said.
